The Old Man and the Sea: Symbols

Symbolism is very prominent in The Old Man and the Sea. Several objects and even the character themselves represent other things or embody ideas or values.

The Sea: As I have previously written the sea represents a mother providing for humanity, but at the same time being dangerous in it's ability to destroy and take away.

The Lions: Several times in Santiago's dreams Santiago sees an image of several lions, some adults some cubs, playing in what seems to be the coast of Africa. This dream is a recurring theme throughout the novel and can represent many things. The cubs could represent Santiago's youthfulness or his lost youth. The adults most likely represent Santiago's courage, strong will, and pride in what he does.

The Skiff: The skiff Santiago uses is very small and barely suitable for just him, but Santiago uses it because it is the best he has and he's been using it for years. It is a reliable vessel and has served him well. The skiff represents home, it is a safe shelter that keeps him safe to it's best ability from the harsh sea and allows him to live the life of a fisherman.

The Virgin Mary: The immaculate mother is who Santiago prays to on a few occasions. The Virgin Mary is usually associated with being a great mother and a protector. In this novel she represents hope, safety, and perseverance. The prayers Santiago say give him strength in his struggle with the marlin and keep him going despite his injuries and fatigue.

The Sharks: The sharks in the novel attack Santiago's haul and eat it almost entirely by the time he returns to the port. The sharks are merciless in their attacks and never cease until everything that Santiago has worked so hard for has been destroyed and mutilated beyond recognition. The sharks represent destruction and the unyielding fury of mother nature. They are the perfect example of how she can take away. After she provides Santiago with his great catch she quickly snatches it up from him and leaves him with nothing.